国际证书的背面条款知多少？– PART 1

大家对GRS证书已经非常熟悉了，证书内页的主要内容比如宝石种类、重量、形状、尺寸、切割什么的不用赘述，对颜色和产地的描述大未在之前专门的文章里面也详细谈过（复习请点击>>怎样读懂宝石证书），今天要来谈的是GRS证书的背面条款。

 

GRS证书封面/封底

当你将GRS证书内页从封套中取出，翻转过来就会发现背面满满的印刷了密密麻麻的英文，而这些英文恰恰就是牵涉到宝石的处理优化等核心信息的条款解读，下面就让我们仔细来了解一下吧（大未直接在原文的英文下面做解读）。

GRS证书内页背面

 Enhancement Disclosure优化（处理）披露Ruby and Sapphire – 红宝石和蓝宝石No indication of thermal treatment – 未见热处理痕迹No gemological constraints (for instance no altered inclusions) are present which would indicate that a heat enhancement process was applied.不存在任何证据（例如变形的内含物）来证明宝石经过加热处理。

缅甸天然未加热鸽血红红宝石证书，意彩石光

马达加斯加天然未加热蓝宝石证书，意彩石光

H

Enhanced by heat (no residues present)H代表经过加热处理（没有残留物）

大未注释：这个残留物指的是在红蓝宝石的热处理中添加的硼砂borax等助溶剂的残留或者再结晶痕迹，这些残留物有的会留在宝石的缝隙中

H(a)

Enhanced by heat –residues insignificant (indication of very small residues within fissures only)

H(a)代表经过热处理，并且有极微少的残留物（在宝石的缝隙中有极微少量的残留物）

Clarity and/or color are enhanced by heat. The applied type of enhancement for the ruby or sapphire under consideration is, according to the opinion of GRS Gem Research Swiss lab, considered a permanent enhancement. Extremely small residues of glass-like materials present in cavities or as isolated, extremely small residues in fissures affecting the weight of the gemstone less than approximately 0.001 carat.

净度和/或颜色经过热处理加强，此处的热处理被GRS认为是一种永久的优化处理方式，极微少的玻璃状物质残留于宝石表面矿坑或者内部的裂隙中，这些残留物的重量一般对宝石重量的影响小于0.001克拉

‘A-type treatment’ such as present in the ruby or sapphire under consideration are, according to the opinion of GRS Gem Research Swiss lab, permanent enhancements. Enhancements such as ‘type A’ are considered permanent and will always be mentioned on the front page of the report.

在红蓝宝石中的A类型的优化处理被GRS认为是一种永久的优化处理方式，这种类型的优化处理方式一定会在证书的第一页予以载明。 

H(b)

Enhanced by heat –minor residues are present (within fissures only)

H（b）代表经过加热处理，仅在在宝石的内部缝隙中可见微少量的残留物

Clarity and/or color are enhanced by heat. Minor residues of glass-like materials are present in fissures. Enhancements such as‘B-type treatment’ are considered permanent and will always be mentioned on the front page of the report.

净度和/或颜色经过热处理加强，微少的玻璃状物质残留于宝石内部的裂隙中，B类型的优化处理，被GRS认为是一种永久的优化处理方式，这种类型的优化处理方式一定会在证书的第一页予以载明。 

H(c)

Transitional grade between H(b) and H(d)

H(c)是介于H(b) 和H(d)之间的过渡级别

Clarity and/or color are enhanced by heat. Residues of glass-like materials are present in cavities and/or in fissures. Enhancements such as ‘type C’ are considered permanent and will always be mentioned on the front page of the report.

净度和/或颜色经过热处理加强，玻璃状物质残留于宝石表面矿坑和/或内部的裂隙中，C类型的优化处理，被GRS认为是一种永久的优化处理方式，这种类型的优化处理方式一定会在证书的第一页予以载明。

 H(d)

Enhanced by heat – significant and deep reaching residues present within fissures and cavities filled with lead glass (also known as ‘Composite Ruby’)

H（d）代表经过加热处理，在宝石的表面矿坑及内部裂隙中可见大量深入其内的铅玻璃填充物（这种也被成为“铅玻璃填充复合红宝石”）

H(Be)

Enhanced by heat and light elements (such as beryllium)

H(Be)指经过加热以及轻金属元素处理（例如铍）

Clarity and/or color are enhanced by heat and diffusion of light elements such as beryllium, inducing color zoning by internal migration of trace elements (incl. beryllium) and defects, andformation of color centers. (Not corresponding to conventional surface diffusion treatment), Treatment is permanent. Recutting requires special careif thin orange rims are confined to the surface.

颜色和/或净度经过加热及轻金属元素例如铍的深度扩散处理，通过使宝石内部的微量元素和结构缺陷发生迁移改变而导致产生了色心致色。（这和传统的表面扩散致色不同），这种处理是永久性的，如果橙色的色心边缘仅存在于宝石表面，重切时要特别小心以免颜色（被打磨掉）。

HPHT

Enhanced by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT)

HPHT指经过高温高压处理

Color enhanced by high heat under relatively high pressure (not comparable to HPHT treatment applied to diamonds).颜色通过在相对高压下的高温所致（和高温高压处理的钻石并不存在可比性） 

E

Clarity and/or color are enhanced by heat (minor residues of foreign solid materials may be present within fissures and/or cavities).

E代表颜色和/或净度经过热处理（在宝石内部缝隙和/或表面矿坑可见微量外来的固体残留物）

This comment is not in use anymore but might be seen on older reports.

这个标注只出现在老版本的证书中，现在证书中不再使用 

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